Cytology & Histology

Cell Singalling

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Cell signaling is detection of the stimulus on the surface of the plasma membrane and transfer of the signal to the cytoplasmic side. Transmission of the signal to effector molecules and down a signaling pathway where every protein typically changes the conformation of the next down the path, most commonly by phosphorylation or dephosphorylation. The final effect is to trigger a cell’s response, such as the activation of gene transcription. Cells communicate by means of extracellular signaling molecules that are produced and released by signaling cells. These molecules recognize and bind to receptors on the surface of target cells where they cause a cellular response by means of a signal transduction pathway.